GRAPE-5: A Special-Purpose Computer forN-Body Simulations

Scientific simulations with special purpose computers - the GRAPE systems

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A special purpose computer for ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

Integration forN - body

Multiple time stepping can be applied to the leapfrog/Stt ormer/Verlet integrator so as to eeect variable stepsize. The strategy maintains the symplecticness, time-reversibility, and second-order accuracy of leapfrog. This method can be applied to pairwise interactions by partitioning them into distance classes and smoothly decomposing the potential energy into the sum of potential energy funct...

Astrophysics on the GRAPE family of special-purpose computers

The GRAPE-4, the world's fastest computer in 1995-1997, has produced some major scientific results through a wide diversity of large-scale simulations in astrophysics. Applications have included planetary formation, the evolution of star clusters and galactic nuclei, and the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies.

Protein Explorer: A Petaflops Special-Purpose Computer for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is one of the most exact and powerful method to study protein biophysics and biochemistry. However, its use is still limited by its high requirement of computational power. To solve this problem, several special-purpose computers have been built. The most successful machines are GRAPE family [1], GRAPE-2A, MD-GRAPE, and MDM. Especially, MDM [2] with 78 teraflo...